"I have drunk, and seen the spider."  Shakespeare, The Winter's Tale, 2.1.44

> ----------
> From:         Johanna Rubba
> Reply To:     Assembly for the Teaching of English Grammar
> Sent:         Tuesday, May 1, 2001 3:29 PM
> To:   [log in to unmask]
> Subject:      Re: INVITATION TO DISCUSS
> 
> Present perfect goes with adverbial expressions indicating a period of
> time including the present:
> 
> I have worked here since 1995. (including now) vs.
> I worked there from 1995 to 1999. (not including now)
> 
> *'I worked here since 1995' is not grammatical.
> 
> I have eaten 3 pieces of pizza so far. (up to now)
> 
> Present perfect does not go with adverbials that indicate a specific
> point or period of time in the past:
> 
> *I have seen her yesterday.
> *I have seen him a month ago.  but
> 
> I saw him yesterday.
> I saw him a month ago.
> 
> Some adverbials occur with both, in which case the perfect has the
> 'current relevance' sense Bruce DeSpain talked about, or the adverbial
> includes the present moment:
> 
> I saw/have seen her today.
> I ate/have eaten lunch already.
> 
> ("ate already" sounds funny to me but I hear my native-English-speaking
> students use it a lot).
> 
> This information comes from QUIGLS 'A comprehensive grammar of the
> English language' section 4.23, pp.194-195. There are probably more
> subtleties discussed in that book. The present perfect has numerous
> subtle uses.
> 
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> Johanna Rubba   Assistant Professor, Linguistics
> English Department, California Polytechnic State University
> One Grand Avenue  • San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
> Tel. (805)-756-2184  •  Fax: (805)-756-6374 • Dept. Phone.  756-259
> • E-mail: [log in to unmask] •  Home page:
> http://www.cla.calpoly.edu/~jrubba
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> 
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