Johanna,
This is exactly the kind of discrepancy that seems to be all around us
with hardly a hint of protest. It's a wonderful program, but impossible
to carry out in a single course of preparation. Even syntax alone is
hard to cover in a semester.
Three courses would seem to me to be an absolute minimum. If we are
going to make recommendations, we should make thoughtful ones. If you
don't want to give three semesters (minimum) of training, then you
can't expect teachers to live up to these standards.
Craig>
I thought I would show the list some of CA's subject-matter
> requirements for English credential candidates. These standards are
> extremely idealistic, considering that credential candidates are
> required to take only ONE linguistics course, grammar courses are not
> available at all colleges, and the credential major is so crowded with
> courses that students really have no room for elective courses in
> grammar or linguistics. I have to teach most of this in ten weeks!!
>
>
> Domain 2. Language, Linguistics, and Literacy
>
> Candidates demonstrate knowledge of the foundations and contexts of the
> language, linguistics, and literacy contained in the English-Language
> Arts Content Standards for California Public Schools: Kindergarten
> Through Grade Twelve (1997) as outlined in the Reading/Language Arts
> Framework for California Public Schools: Kindergarten Through Grade
> Twelve (1999) at a post secondary level of rigor. Candidates have both
> broad and deep conceptual knowledge of the subject matter. Many
> California students, coming from a variety of linguistic and
> sociocultural backgrounds, face specific challenges in mastering the
> English language. The diversity of this population requires the
> candidate to understand the principles of language acquisition and
> development. Candidates must become knowledgeable about the nature of
> human language, language variation, and historical and cultural
> perspectives on the development of English. In addition, candidates
> must acquire a complex understanding of the development of English
> literacy among both native and non-native speakers. Candidates will be
> able to:
>
> 2.1Human Language Structures
>
> a.Recognize the nature of human language, differences among languages,
> the universality of linguistic structures, and change across time,
> locale, and communities
> b.Demonstrate knowledge of word analysis, including sound patterns
> (phonology) and inflection, derivation, compounding, roots and affixes
> (morphology)
> c.Demonstrate knowledge of sentence structures (syntax), word and
> sentence meanings (semantics), and language function in communicative
> context (pragmatics)
> d.Use appropriate print and electronic sources to research etymologies;
> recognize conventions of English orthography and changes in word
> meaning and pronunciation
>
> (English-Language Arts Content Standards for California Public Schools,
> Grade 6, Reading: 1.1-5; Grades 7-8, Reading: 1.2; Grades 9-10,
> Reading: 1.1-3)
>
> 2.2Acquisition and Development of Language and Literacy
> a.Explain the influences of cognitive, affective, and sociocultural
> factors on language acquisition and development
> b.Explain the influence of a first language on second language
> development
> c.Describe methods and techniques for developing academic literacy
> (e.g., tapping prior knowledge through semantic mapping, word
> analogies, and cohesion analysis)
>
> (English-Language Arts Content Standards for California Public Schools,
> Grades 6-12, Reading: 1.0)
>
> 2.3Literacy Studies
> a.Recognize the written and oral conventions of Standard English, and
> analyze the social implications of mastering them
> b.Describe and explain cognitive elements of reading and writing
> processes (e.g., decoding and encoding, construction of meaning,
> recognizing and using text conventions of different genres)
> c.Explain metacognitive strategies for making sense of text (e.g.,
> pre-reading activities, predicting, questioning, word analysis, and
> concept formation)
>
> 2.4Grammatical Structures of English
> a.Identify methods of sentence construction (e.g., sentence combining
> with coordinators and subordinators; sentence embedding and expanding
> with clausal and phrasal modifiers)
> b.Analyze parts of speech and their distinctive structures and
> functions (e.g., noun phrases including count and noncount nouns and
> the determiner system; prepositions, adjectives, and adverbs; word
> transformations)
> c.Describe the forms and functions of the English verb system (e.g.,
> modals, verb complements, and verbal phrases)
>
> ....
>
> 3.3Rhetorical Effects of Grammatical Elements
> a.Employ precise and extensive vocabulary and effective diction to
> control voice, style, and tone
> b.Use clause-joining techniques (e.g., coordinators, subordinators, and
> punctuation) to express logical connections between ideas
> c.Identify and use clausal and phrasal modifiers to control flow, pace,
> and emphasis (e.g., adjective clauses, appositives, participles and
> verbal phrases, absolutes)
> d.Identify and use devices to control focus in sentence and paragraph
> (e.g., active and passive voice, expletives, concrete subjects, and
> transitional phrases)
> e.Maintain coherence through use of cohesive devices
>
> 3.4Conventions of Oral and Written Language
> a.Apply knowledge of linguistic structure to identify and use the
> conventions of Standard Edited English
> b.Recognize, understand, and use a range of conventions in both spoken
> and written English, including:
> Conventions of effective sentence structure (e.g., clear
> pronoun reference, parallel structure, appropriate verb tense)
> Preferred usage (e.g., verb/subject agreement, pronoun
> agreement, idioms)
> Conventions of pronunciation and intonation
> Conventional forms of spelling
> Capitalization and punctuation
>
>
> Dr. Johanna Rubba, Associate Professor, Linguistics
> Linguistics Minor Advisor
> English Department
> California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
> E-mail: [log in to unmask]
> Tel.: 805.756.2184
> Dept. Ofc. Tel.: 805.756.2596
> Dept. Fax: 805.756.6374
> URL: http://www.cla.calpoly.edu/~jrubba
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>
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