Again, a forwarded post from Johanna. I think it's very useful to have
someone drafting a position, including a list of terms. We can amend it or
propose an alternative. I wish I had more time to jump right in.

Craig

---------------------------- Original Message ----------------------------
Subject: More on terms
From:    "Johanna Rubba" <[log in to unmask]>
Date:    Wed, July 26, 2006 5:44 pm
To:      "Craig Hancock" <[log in to unmask]>
Cc:      "Johanna Rubba" <[log in to unmask]>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Craig,

Be my mailman again?

Below are four sets of terms I have taken from various sources. I
haven't included definitions, but from the lists of examples, most
overlap very considerably. The main differences are in giving what some
call subclasses their own class status. The formatting didn't come out
well for mine. The phrases give examples.

Rubba, ms. 2006

Open Class (also known as Open System, Form-Class, Content Word, or
Lexical Word)

1.    Noun  a big book, the latest political scandal
2.    Verb   to retrieve data, drop a note
3.    Adjective   curious George, sweet desserts
4.    Adverb   vanish suddenly, come back soon

Closed Class (also known as Closed System,Structure-Class, Function
Wordor Grammatical Word)
5.    Preposition  under the tree, Of Mice and Men, above suspicion
6.    Proform  she is the boss, give me that, I put it there
7.    Determiner   a cup of tea, the sparrow, your plans
8.    Qualifier   very high, so far, right under your nose
                                                      (also known as
Intensifier orDegree-word)
9.    Conjunction   this and that, tall but clumsy, live free or die
10.   Complementizer  I know that he is here, tell me whether it’s true
11. Existential or    It is raining, there is a fly in my soup
presentational subject             (sometimes called expletiveor dummy
subject)
12.  Interjection  Yow!, Damn!

Kolln & Funk 2002:

Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Determiner
Auxiliary
Qualifier
Preposition
Pronoun
Conjunction
Interrogative
Expletive
Particle


Huddleston & Pullum 2002:
 
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Preposition
Determinative
Subordinator
Coordinator
interjection

Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech, & Svartvik (Comprehensive, 1985)

(Grouped by Open vs. Closed classes)
 Closed classes
preposition
pronoun
determiner
conjunction
modal verb
primary verb (be, have, do)

Open classes
noun
adjective
full verb (other than modals or ‘be, have, do’)
adverb

“two lesser categories”:
numerals
interjections
negative particle (no, not)
‘to’ of infinitive

Laurel Brinton, “The Structure of Modern English”, 2000, John Benjamins
, p. 119

She gives Charles C. Fries’s list from 1952, with his numbers
translated into the more-ordinary names. Each of the below is a class;
there are one-word classes. If/when I have more time I’ll look into how
much they adopt this list. They have a lot of text on word classes.
 
noun
verb
adjective
adverb
determiner
modals
no
degree adverbs
coordinating conjunctions
prepositions
do
there (existential)
wh-words
subordinating conjunctions
discourse markers (‘oh’, ‘well’, ‘now’)
yes, no
look, say, listen (verbs of perception/mental action/speaking?? -- JR)
please
let’s

Dr. Johanna Rubba, Associate Professor, Linguistics
Linguistics Minor Advisor
English Department
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
E-mail: [log in to unmask]
Tel.: 805.756.2184
Dept. Ofc. Tel.: 805.756.2596
Dept. Fax: 805.756.6374
URL: http://www.cla.calpoly.edu/~jrubba

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