Bruce raises an interesting issue which all teachers have to confront from time to time. That is the implementation of an innovation which they are not necessarily equipped to handle and which they find implicitly entails their rejecting their own teaching prinicples. This happened in ESL in Quebec and Bangalore, India in the 80s where teachers were forbidden to teach grammar when an extreme form of communicative language teaching was introduced which, by the way, ultimately failed. I wonder whether any members have had experience of this in teaching English as a first language. Interestingly, in the cases mentioned in the first pargraph, as teachers increasingly lost faith in the innovation, they returned surreptitiously to their own teaching principles. Ron Sheen To join or leave this LISTSERV list, please visit the list's web interface at: http://listserv.muohio.edu/archives/ateg.html and select "Join or leave the list" Visit ATEG's web site at http://ateg.org/