"Beyond containment, the major thrust of American Cold War diplomatic foreign policy was to return the defeated enemies, Germany and Japan, to the emerging international system as full-fledged members. This task, unprecedented in respect to nations on which unconditional surrender (had been) was imposed less than five years earlier, made sense to a generation of American leaders whose formative experience (had been) was overcoming the Great Depression of the 1930s. The generation that organized resistance to the Soviet Union (had) experienced Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, which (had) restored political stability by closing the gap between American expectations and economic reality. The same generation (had) prevailed in World War II, fought in the name of democracy."