In my view, "by" is a regular preposition. And, yes, the noun clause "the speaker would need to breathe where" is the object of the preposition.
Gerald

At 03:46 PM 4/16/2009, you wrote:
Hello
 
How would you analyze this sentence?
 
These were determined by where the speaker would need to breathe.
 
Is ‘where the speaker would need to breathe’ the object of the preposition ‘by’? Is ‘determined by’ possibly a phrasal verb? I checked Longman’s Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs. It wasn’t in there. In either case would ‘where the speaker would need to breathe’ be a nominal? I guess it could be. We can say ‘where we go to dinner is up to you,’ for example.
 
Janet
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