I really appreciate the analysis and
commentary on the sentence I sent. I think the idea that ‘their best’
has an adverbial function and that ‘to express what love
means to them’ is functioning as a direct object is most convincing.
That sentence has been bothering me for years.
Janet
From: Assembly for the
Teaching of English Grammar [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of MARTHA KOLLN
Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 6:48
AM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: New Sentence
On Fri, May 1, 2009 09:34 AM, Dick Veit
<[log in to unmask]> wrote:
Beth,
Dick, et al.,
Sentences
can get really tricky (and ambiguous) when idioms like "tried their
best" are involved. The first thing I questioned about the artist
sentence was whether the infinitive phrase could be written with "in
order," which I consider the first test for "adverbial":
I
drove fast [in order] to get home in time for the news.
The other
test, as someone mentioned, is movability:
To
get home in time for the news, I drove fast.
When
"try" is connected with an infinitive, that infinitive is nearly
always a direct object--a "something" or "someone":
I
tried to get home in time for the news. i.e., I tried "something."
In the
artist sentence, it seems to me that the infinitive passes the
"something" test more clearly than the "in order to" test.
It's true that "tried their best" is indeed a common
expression, I think that "tried very hard" is what it means (an adverbial
of degree), rather than "tried something."
For the
infinitive phrase here to be adverbial--to pass either the "in order"
test or the movability test--the sentence would need a clear
"something" as direct object:
Artists
of all kinds have tried beauty and truth in all of its manifestations [in
order] to express what love means to them.
This
sentence works in the passive:
Beauty
and truth in all of their manifestations have been tried by artists to express
what love means to them.
While the
original artist sentence, with its infinitive as direct object, doesn't work in
the passive, that doesn't mean it isn't transitive. Most transitive verbs that
take infinitives (want, like, expect, etc.) are not passive candidates either:
I
want to take piano lessons.
I
like to play the guitar.
I
expect to perform at Carnegie Hall.
Verbs
that take gerunds as direct objects could possibly be squeezed into a passive,
but it's not very comfortable:
The
audience enjoyed listening to the guitar music.
?Listening
to the guitar music was enjoyed by the audience. [I don't think so!]
That's my
take on those expressive artists.
Martha
Beth,
Good point. Our problem is that "tried my best" is an idiomatic
phrase, which limits internal analysis. All of these are possible:
I tried to succeed.
I attempted to succeed.
I endeavored to succeed.
But "my best"
only works with "tried":
I tried my best to
succeed.
* I attempted my best to succeed.
* I endeavored my best to succeed.
Interestingly, it is also
possible to use "tried my best" in a different, nonidiomatic way, where "my
best" is the direct object:
First I tried a
half-hearted effort, but it didn't work, so I tried my best, and that worked.
Unlike the other uses,
here "my best" is what was
tried, not how something was
tried.
Dick
On Fri, May 1, 2009 at 8:40 AM, Beth Young <[log in to unmask]>
wrote:
Hi Dick,
Interesting! I find your reasoning very persuasive.
Still . . . "their best" isn't at all moveable. And there are
lots of examples of "x gave y their best," in which "their
best" is a direct object.
Could it be that our intuition about how fixed an entity "their best"
is? i.e., if you think of "their best" as a discrete,
identifiable effort, like a poem or a chocolate souffle, then the phrase seems
nominal and "to express what love means to them" seems adverbial.
But if you think of "their best" as a kind of move in a certain
direction (like moving towards the horizon--you never arrive), then "to
express what love means to them" seems more nominal and "their
best" more adverbial.
(I'm a bit boggled to hear myself proposing that the distinction between
nominal/adverbial can be ambiguous.)
Beth
>>> Dick Veit <[log in to unmask]>
4/30/2009 6:40 PM >>>
Beth,
Re: "Artists of all kinds have tried their best to express what love means
to them."
The phrase "to express what love means to them" is certainly an
infinitive
phrase, but is it adverbial or nominal?
- I tried a poem to express my love.
This infinitive phrase is adverbial, indicating why
I tried the
poem.
- I tried to express my love.
This infinitive phrase is nominal, the direct
object of "tried."
I opt for nominal in our sentence. I think "their best" is an
adverbial, not
the direct object, since it answers the question "Tried how?" rather
than
"Tried what?" On the other hand, "to express what love means to
them" can
answer the question "Tried what?" so I'd say it is the direct object.
Dick
On Thu, Apr 30, 2009 at 4:29 PM, Beth Young <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
> "Artists of all kinds have tried their best to express what
love means to
> them."
>
> Here's my take: "to express what love means to them" is an
adverbial
> infinitive phrase.
>
> 1. You can move it around: To express what love means to them,
artists of
> all kinds have tried their best.
>
> 2. It answers the question "why" or "in what
manner" the verb happens.
> Artists of all kinds have tried their best. Why? "to express
what love
> means to them."
>
> Without that adverbial infinitive phrase, it's easier to see that the main
> sentence is transitive: THEY have tried SOMETHING.
>
> "Their best" is a noun phrase/direct object. I don't have
a problem with
> "best" functioning as a noun--contrast with "their
happy" which clearly
> doesn't work.
>
> To make the whole sentence passive would be clunky, but it is doable:
>
> "To express what love means to them, their best has been tried (by
artists
> of all kinds)."
>
> This passive sentence is bothersome, not so much because of the passive
> voice, but because we don't know who "them" and
"their" refers to until we
> get to the end. I could imagine writing this sort of passage:
>
> Their best has been tried. (And it still wasn't good enough.)
>
> That's how I see it, anyway. Thanks for the distraction from paper
> grading.
>
> Beth
>
>
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