Hi Craig, I feel certain you must have found this already, but just to be on the safe side: Sloane,, David E.. A Sentence Is Not a Complete Thought: X-Word Grammar in English language teaching. Year: 2009 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 Page: 3 ISSN: 1916-4742 Abstract X-Word Grammar provides an editing technique for students that is more reliable than trying to identify sentences as complete thoughts. A sentence is redefined as "a group of words that can be turned into a yes-no question with no words left over; starts with a capital letter, and ends with a terminal punctuation mark." Twenty auxiliary verbs play a key role by moving around the subject of a sentence to identify the correct structure of a sentence using both visual and oral means. Stressing editing skills, teachers can use X-Word Grammar as a means to simplify sentence punctuation, address verb endings, carry out other tasks in editing and evaluating writing. Available online here: http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/article/view/2354 Beth To join or leave this LISTSERV list, please visit the list's web interface at: http://listserv.muohio.edu/archives/ateg.html and select "Join or leave the list" Visit ATEG's web site at http://ateg.org/