Michael Kischner: "It was that that caused his resignation." >How do members describe the that-clause? I want to call it a noun clause >functioning as the delayed subject... My solution: We can distinguish between 'regular' sentences and pronoun sentences. Pronoun sentences are sentences where one slot is filled by a pronoun, which (then) goes to the front. S VP A(direction) A(manner) Ex. The horse came to the American West in this way HOW HOW the horse came to the American West (the title some Reader's Digest story, if I can trust my memory) In this ex. it is the Adverbial-of-manner-slot which is filled by the wh-pronoun 'how'. I call this sentence type a wh-sentence. Another type of pronoun sentences are 'that'-sentences (to be distinguished from 'that'-clauses [noun clauses]). In Michael Kirschner's example: S VP O something caused his resignation THAT THAT caused his resignation The pronoun 'that' here fills the subject slot. Of course, it doesn't have to move to get to the front of the sentence, it's already there. There are also pronoun sentences with 'as'. Pronoun sentences can do all sorts of things. Wh-sentences (as statements) can be headlines, subjects, objects etc, can fill conclusion slots in paragraphs, can function as noun attributes (like adjectives) - they are then called 'defining relative clauses' (or some such), they can be appositives to nouns ('non-defining relative clauses'). The function of that caused his resignation Attribute to the demonstrative pronoun 'that'. In It is a pity that we missed each other we have a that-CLAUSE, which is an apposite of IT, therefore it can be 'turned around'. Burkhard Leuschner Paedagogische Hochschule, Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany INTERNET: BITNET: [log in to unmask] Leuschne@dulruu51