It seems to me you are dealing with different things when you are looking at question-order or "there"-expletic overder and passive transformations. . In "The winners were annolunce,"winners" seems to be a true subject, even though they are being acted upon. The actors here are unknown or unimportant. That's the best reason for using the passive voice. And the verb is a true verb. Here is one modification you could make. You could use a squiggly vertical line rather than a straight one to intersect the subject-verb line. We use squiggly lines rather than straight ones to set off direct objedcts in passive transformations of S-V-IO-DO sentences -- "He was given a prize" and we use squiggly lines to set off object complements in passive transformations ("He was considered a genius") to indicate that they are not subject complements. (Emery didn't do this last in his Sentence Analysis, but he should have.) I'm with Larry Beason: Reed-Kellogg diagrams have many uses. Phrase tree structures may be better ways of showing how the mind composes sentences. But when you are trying to analyze sentences already composed, diagramming can clarify things very effectively for people who learn visually. ******************************************************************************* Michael Kischner North Seattle Community College 9600 College Way North Seattle, WA 98103 (206) 528-4540 FAX (206) 527 3784 email [log in to unmask] ******************************************************************************* learn visually.