Ed is > wondering how members of ATEG would explain "as many travelers will > remember" in the following sentence from the opening paragraph of James' > "Daisy Miller": > > There are, indeed, many hotels, for the entertainment of tourists is the > business of the place, which, as many travelers will remember, is seated > upon the edge of a remarkably blue lake--a lake that it behooves every > tourist to visit. > One response has analyzed the "as" clause as some sort of adverb; another has analysed it as a type of relative clause. I suggest that the clause in question has absolutely no grammatical role in the larger syntactic structure. It is, rather, an embedded discourse marker, similar to the embedded declarative (I think that is the correct term, but I don't have my Pence & Emery at hand) in the following version: There are, indeed, many hotels. . .which, I think, is seated upon the edge of a . . .lake. The "as many travelers will remember" clause parallels the embedded declarative "I think." The clause has absolutely no grammatical role in the sentence, as doesn't also, by the way, the word, "indeed." Further, this clause does not modify the semantic structure of the basic proposition asserted in the sentence. Despite its punctuation, it is very much only a parenthetical expression and it does not bear at all on the meaning of James' sentence, even though it contributes heavily to the effect. The better analysis is rhetorical. The embedded clause works to create audience. Virtually, Terry (*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*) Terry Lynn Irons [log in to unmask] Voice Mail: (606) 783-5164 Snail Mail: UPO 604 Morehead, KY 40351 (*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)=(*)