Scott Martin is indeed accurate in noting that temperance material focuses on violence against women. In fact, the temperance movement called attention to the problem, described it in great detail, and moved many women into the women's rights movement. Two articles of mine (part of a much larger work) describe some of these points: "Wife Torture: A Known Phenomenon in Nineteenth-Century America," JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CULTURE, 10: 1987, and "Alcohol and Wife Abuse in Male Temperance Literature," CANADIAN REVIEW OF AMERICAN STUDIES, June 1995 (this is out, but I have yet to see a copy). Jerome Nadelhaft Professor of History University of Maine