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      AUTHOR: Kaplan, Michael.
       TITLE: New York City tavern violence and the creation of a working-
              class male identity.
      SOURCE: Journal of the Early Republic v. 15 (Winter '95) p. 591-617
   ABSTRACTS: An examination of tavern violence by urban working-class men
              in 19th-century America.  The writer discusses the explosion
              in the number of taverns in New York City between 1830 and
              1860, their roles as centers of working-class social life and
              recreation, and the corresponding increase in the frequency of
              tavern disturbances.  These factors, he states, suggest that
              tavern violence embodied the major threads of social conflict
              and change in the city.  He maintains that tavern disturbances
              helped define the new democratic, urban working-class culture
              of the mid 19th century and fostered a distinct working-class
              male identity centered on public assertions of physical
              courage, independence, class pride, and American patriotism.
              He concludes that these disturbances affirmed values among
              workingmen that were central to Jacksonian American culture,
              although rendered in brutal parody.
 STANDARD NO: 0275-1275
        DATE: 1995
       PLACE: United States
    LANGUAGE: English
 RECORD TYPE: art
    CONTENTS: feature article
     SUBJECT: Violence - United States.
              Class consciousness.
              Masculinity (Psychology).
              New York (N.Y.) - Labor and laboring classes.
              New York (N.Y.) - Bars, saloons, etc.
 
 
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