Allow me to bring Mexico into the discussion, which bears similarities with other cases, but also may be a bit more complex. In my dissertation, "Sober Revolutionaries: Class, Gender, and Ethnicity in the National and Sonoran Anti-Alcohol Campaigns in Mexico, 1910-1940," (yet to be finished!) I have found that politicians and temperance reformers most wanted to keep the generic "working-class" from an over-consumption of alcohol. Surprisingly, they were less concerned with race (in this case, the indigenous) although they also assumed that indios had a propensity for alcoholism. Although there are some people of African descent in Mexico, they do not show up at all in the literature I examined (in part because intellectuals at the time could not really conceive of Mexicans being anything more than a combination of Spanish and indigenous heritage). Nor do Asian Mexicans (of which there was a sizeable population in the north) show up at all in official temperance literature, although there were some arrested for drinking-related crimes. However, there were extensive anti-opium campaigns going on at the same time, of which the Chinese were almost the sole target. Gretchen Pierce Adjunct Instructor Indiana University Northwest Ph.D. Candidate University of Arizona Quoting David Fahey <[log in to unmask]>: > Aren't we really talking about restrictions for alcohol consumption > by Africans or African-descended people and indigenous peoples in the > Americas amd Australia/NZ? Was there much objection to Esat Asians > and South Asians and Middle Eastern people drinking? "White" may be > the wrong word for this discussion. I recall Gandhi lamented the > drinking by Indian laborers in South Africa around 1900. They could > drink legally only at bars but there they could drink as much as they > wanted. There is a reference to this in the Historian (2005) article > that I wrote with Padma Manian. >