I would be surprised if the tablets were indeed sold. The seizure of one country's
cultural heritage by another and its use as "reparations" are expressly forbidden
in the Hague Convention of 1954, and while the US is not a signatory to that
Convention there are apparently certain US laws that also protect another country's cultural heritage from seizure.  I don't have access to the texts of
federal court decisions until Monday so I won't know precisely what Manning
wrote, but from this and other news reports it appears that her ruling hinged on
the fact that the government of Iran had not claimed the artifacts as cultural
heritage. The implication is that if the Iranian government were to declare directly to the court that the artifacts are Iranian cultural heritage the artifacts might well
be found to be immune from seizure.  I won't try to guess why the Iranian
government hasn't put forth its claim directly to the court and thus forced the
Oriental Institute to play its surrogate, no doubt at enormous expense.  And the
plaintiffs are obviously shopping about for whatever deep pockets they can find,
suing the Field Museum for Iranian artifacts that belong to the Museum, not to
the country.  The whole thing smacks of legal/political brinkmanship, and in my
opinion the weight-challenged singer has yet to enter the building.

Michael Palmer MLIS
Claremont, California

Farris Wahbeh <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
One of the more bizarre actions taken against a museum in years...
Not necessarily archive news, but very well worth the read.
On an administrative/museum level, this could have major
repercussions: no international loans, perhaps...


Chicago Museum, Iran Fight U.S. Court

Thursday July 6, 2006 5:16 PM

By NASSER KARIMI

Associated Press Writer

TEHRAN, Iran (AP) - The University of Chicago and the government of
Iran have come together in a rare alliance against a U.S. court ruling
that aims to compensate victims of a 1997 Jerusalem bombing by
auctioning off a rare collection of Persian tablets.

A U.S. court previously found Iran responsible for supporting Hamas,
which claimed responsibility for the 1997 bombing that killed five people
and wounded 192 others, and ordered Tehran to pay the victims $423.5
million.

The only Iranian asset that U.S. authorities could get their hands on
was a collection of ancient Persian tablets inscribed with one of the
world's oldest alphabets, dating to between 553 B.C. and 330 B.C. The
clay artifacts have been housed at the University of Chicago's Oriental
Institute museum since the 1930s.

A federal judge ruled last month that the school must auction off the
tablets, the proceeds of which would go to compensate the bombing
victims. But the university said it would appeal.

In a letter to Iranian cultural authorities, the museum's director called
the tablets ``an irreplaceable scholarly data set'' that should not be
subject to political battles.

``The protection of cultural patrimony and of scholarly research are
fundamental matters of principle for us, as they should be for every
civilized person and nation,'' wrote museum director Gil Stein.

Iran did not represent itself in the U.S. court battles - either in the
first one, when a judge ordered it to pay compensation for the bombing,
or in the current suit over the tablets.

But it reacted strongly to the rulings, calling on the U.S. government to
intervene.

``We expect the U.S. government to show a swift and serious reaction
to prevent implementation of the verdict,'' Iranian Foreign Ministry
spokesman Hamid Reza Asefi said Sunday.

He said Iran would also appeal to the United Nations and UNESCO to
protect its cultural heritage.

``What America did was basically wrong. A local court should not issue
such a verdict. This also impedes cultural and scientific cooperation,''
Asefi said.

On June 22, U.S. District Judge Blanche Manning ruled that only Iran
could claim its right to the tablets, not the museum. She said she was
``sympathetic'' to the university's fears that an auction of the artifacts
would result in fewer international loans to American museums and
American artifacts being seized by foreign courts.

But the university's ``brazen accusation that the courts of the United
States are hostile to Iran and that, as a result, Iran should be excused
from bothering to assert its rights, is wholly unsupported,'' the judge
ruled.

Lawyers for the school had argued they were protecting Iran's rights to
the ancient artifacts, since no Iranian representative was involved in the
proceedings.

Stein said the tablets were on long-term loan from Iran, which was not
profiting from their display in the U.S.

``This trove of tablets has never been a commercial item to be bought or
sold. They have never been a source of profit to either Iran or the
Oriental Institute,'' he wrote in a June 30 staff memo released
Wednesday.

The artifacts were ``every bit as unique and important as the original
document of the Constitution of the United States,'' he added.

The tablets date from the Achaemenid Period, 553 B.C. to 330 B.C.,
and were excavated from Persepolis, the ancient Persian capital built
by Darius I.

Their inscriptions are written in cuneiform - one of the world's oldest
alphabets, consisting of arrowhead signs, points and dashes.

Iran and the United States have had no diplomatic relations since 1979
when militants stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and held its
occupants hostage for more than a year. They currently are embroiled
in a dispute over Iran's nuclear program.

----

Associated Press writers Jasper Mortimer in Cairo and Tara Burghart in
Chicago contributed to this report.




--
Michael Palmer, MLIS
Claremont, California
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