Fred-- I am interested in the history of treatment. Unlike you, however, I have no theories to offer. I have done a limited history of the treatment history of fairbanks and that was interesting, indeed. I imagine the place to start would be with Gov't agencies because, traditions indicate that treatment must have begun with grants. I Know that Dr. Silkworth of AA Fame wrote some but I have no idea where to look for his work either. I am also interested in the social history of CD. I have been working and living among the Northern Native Americans for over twenty years. It strikes me that much could be done in that arena also. Once again, I strongly recommend "Yuuyaraq: The Way of the Human Being" by Harold Napoleon published by the Center for Cross-Cultural Studies and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Thanks to all, Guy Patterson, Fairbanks