In response to your request for sources on alcohol consumption in 19th C Europe might I suggest the following: For France: Thomas Brennan, 'Towards the cultural history of alcohol in France' _Journal of Social History_ 23/1 (1989-90) pp71-92 which includes figures and explains increases in consumption, attributing them to the incorporation of rural drinkers into the commercial market. Also has excellent refs. in foot-notes. Michael R Marrus 'Social drinking in the Belle Epoque' _Journal of Social History_ 7 (1973-74) pp115-141 includes graphs and figures (which Brennan utilises) to illustrate the importance of technological advance in the increase in alcohol production and consumption. see also P.E. Prestwich 'French workers and the temperance movement' _International Review of Social History_ 25 (1980) pp35-52 which is not really about consumption, but which is important in illustrating changing attitudes in France, the country felt to be the least suseptible to temperance influence. On Germany: Lynn Abrams _Workers' Culture in Imperial Germany_ (Routledge, London, 1992) esp. pp63-91. This is heavily influenced by the work of James Roberts cited below. James Roberts _Drink, Temperance and the Working Class in Nineteenth Century Germany_ (1984) General survey of the topic Idem 'Drink and working-class living standards in 19th century Germany' in W. Conze & U. Engelhardt (eds) _Arbeiterexistenz im 19. Jahrhundert_ (1981) figures for consumption and consumption as part of household expenditure for various classes Idem 'Drink and industrial work-discipline in nineteenth century Germany' _Journal of Social History_ 15/1 (1981-82) pp25-38 attitudes to drinking in the workplace, 'instrumental' drinking and its decline in the face of employer control and the provision of alternative fluids. Idem 'Drink and the labour movement: The Schnapps Boycott of 1909' in R.J. Evans (ed) _The German Working Class, 1888-1933_ (Croom Helm, London, 1982) pp80-107 which addresses the issue of temperance within the German labour movement. In particular emphasising the reasons for the decline in consumption experienced in the Empire after 1900, and especially in the wake of tax increases in 1909. Britain: For a highly influencial article on the reasons behind declining consumption in the UK after 1875 see A.E. Dingle 'Drink and working class living standards in Britain 1870-1914' _Economic History Review_ second series 25/4 (1972) pp608-622. General: Guy Hayler, _Prohibition Advance in All Lands_ (International Prohibition Confederation, London, 1913) This has a brief piece on virtually every country or imperial region in the world at the time. Not all include figures on consumption, but some sections do, including material for Russia for 1897-1913, Germany and Nigeria as well as assessments of the development of prohibition legislation across the world. Hope this is of some use, and if you would like any more information, do contact me directly. Barry Doyle Department of Modern History University of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland [log in to unmask]