Should our focus be on violence against prohibitionists or on violent cultures? I doubt that English advocates of Direct Local Veto risked violence. In those parts of the world where violence was accepted and expected those who dared challenge economic interests and lifestyles, often with the help of insulting rhetoric, did run a risk. From my own research I can mention the burning down of Amanda M. Way's Indiana home, a couple of encounters involving guns in the early career of George Washington Bain in Kentucky, and a cryptic and undocu- mentioned assertion that Oscar Carter (after whom black Templars named a lodge in Florida) was the first person killed for his temperance views. Attacks on the status quo are physically dangerous when the people being attacked are physically dangerous. And people took risks. To change the subject a bit, G. W. Bain impulsively inserted in a temperance talk a denunciation of the local KKK who littered with their whiskey bottles the ground near the body of a youth whom they had lynched. * David Fahey (Miami)