------------------------------------------------------------ PLEASE DO NOT REPLY OR SEND MESSAGES TO THIS EMAIL ADDRESS. ------------------------------------------------------------ AUTHOR: Kaplan, Michael. TITLE: New York City tavern violence and the creation of a working- class male identity. SOURCE: Journal of the Early Republic v. 15 (Winter '95) p. 591-617 ABSTRACTS: An examination of tavern violence by urban working-class men in 19th-century America. The writer discusses the explosion in the number of taverns in New York City between 1830 and 1860, their roles as centers of working-class social life and recreation, and the corresponding increase in the frequency of tavern disturbances. These factors, he states, suggest that tavern violence embodied the major threads of social conflict and change in the city. He maintains that tavern disturbances helped define the new democratic, urban working-class culture of the mid 19th century and fostered a distinct working-class male identity centered on public assertions of physical courage, independence, class pride, and American patriotism. He concludes that these disturbances affirmed values among workingmen that were central to Jacksonian American culture, although rendered in brutal parody. STANDARD NO: 0275-1275 DATE: 1995 PLACE: United States LANGUAGE: English RECORD TYPE: art CONTENTS: feature article SUBJECT: Violence - United States. Class consciousness. Masculinity (Psychology). New York (N.Y.) - Labor and laboring classes. New York (N.Y.) - Bars, saloons, etc. ------------------------------------------------------------ Thanks for using FirstSearch. This e-mail account is only for distribution of FirstSearch documents. Please contact your librarian with comments or concerns. ------------------------------------------------------------